Saturday, August 22, 2020

Importance of Sports Essay Essay Example

Significance of Sports Essay Sports, for example, football or baseball include tonss of physical exercises. Sports and exercisings help in meat uping and reciting the musculuss and castanetss in the natural structure. In short. the significance of athleticss for childs is that it keeps them in a five star structure. At the point when children or adults plays crew athleticss. be it cricket or hockey. they figure out how to function in gatherings. They discover that if the crew wins. they win and if the crew loses. they lose. This way they figure out how to function in gatherings. Consequently. the significance of athleticss for childs is that they comprehend what is cooperation and along these lines. at the point when they develop and truly get down working. it will help them unfathomably in developing associations with their partners. furthermore to work in concordance with others. Sports makes individuals intellectually solid. Achievement and disappointment are the two pieces of athleticss each piece great as life. An athlete realizes that there will be times when he will win lucifers. there will other than be times when he will lose them. A sportsperson realizes how to oversee licking and consequently. dainties achievement and disappointment each piece. We will compose a custom exposition test on Importance of Sports Essay explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Importance of Sports Essay explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Importance of Sports Essay explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer This is an of import life exercise unreasonably. which athleticss can gain proficiency with a person. Other than this. another significance of athleticss for kids or for adults is that it shows them how to oversee rivalry. what's more, be unafraid while facing the foes. Youngsters and fledglings overflow with physical vitality. At the point when they are associated with athleticss. their physical energies are spent in a helpful way. High school is such a waxy age. on the off chance that fledglings are without given clasp they may secure engaged with wrong exercises or may fall in terrible organization or may other than uncover hostile to social conduct. In this way. the significance of athleticss in the public arena is that it shields youngsters from going enemy of social components. who may some way or another resentful the sensitive material of society. Here’s believing that now you realize what is the significance of athleticss. Other than being of import for childs. taking up an athleticss bringing in enormous life. has its ain advantages. A sportsperson every now and again goes to different states to play lucifers and in the method. learns an extraordinary exchange about the civic establishments of these states. Indeed, even the witnesss or Television seeing crowds are comprehensively engaged while watching proficient athleticss. doing it a top of the line recreational action.

Thursday, July 16, 2020

Marketing Department Organization, Tools Responsibilities

Marketing Department Organization, Tools Responsibilities “The man who stops advertising to save money is like the man who stops the clock to save time.” Thomas JeffersonMarketing is the most important parts of any business activity. It is what creates customers and generates income, guides the future course of a business and defines whether it will be a success or a failure. Without marketing, a business is like sitting in the dark and expecting people to find you without a light. Marketing can be done without a marketing team, but you cannot expect to go too far or succeed by marketing on your own. For a sustained marketing effort, a business of any size requires a dedicated marketing department or a marketing team. © Shutterstock.com | goodluzIn this article, we will explore the following: 1) concept of marketing, 2) organization of a marketing department, 3) tools of marketing department, and 4) responsibilities of marketing department.INTRODUCTIONConcept of MarketingMarketing can be described as any activity that is carried on with the specific purpose of conveying information about the use, quality and value of a product or service in order to promote or sell the product or service. Marketing is the way to announce the availability of a commodity, service, idea or a brand to the world in such a way that people are interested in it and wish to acquire it and use it. It serves the purpose of plugging the gap between the public’s requirement and the products that are available.Importance Of A Marketing DepartmentThe Marketing Department is the key to good marketing and sales. It promotes and establishes a business in its niche, based on the products or services the business is offering. It i dentifies the areas in which the product fits and where the business should focus its marketing strategy and, therefore, spend its budget for the maximum coverage and results. The marketing department helps a business to do the following:Build relationship with the audience: Creates awareness of the business and its products as well as provide inputs that create interest for the audience. It brings in new customers and creates new business opportunities for the enterprise.Involve the customer: It engages existing customers, tries to understand them and hear what they have to say. It monitors the competition, creates new ideas, identifies outlets, plans the strategy to involve customers and retain them.Generate income: Finally, the aim of the marketing department is to generate revenue. All its activities are aimed at broadening the customer base and finding opportunities that would create more revenue for the enterprise.ORGANIZATION OF A MARKETING DEPARTMENTThe marketing department of any enterprise is responsible for promoting the products, ideas and mission of the enterprise, finding new customers, and reminding existing customers that you are in business. It organizes all the activities that are concerned with marketing and promotion. It may consist of a single person or a group of people working in a hierarchal system who are responsible for bringing the product of the business to the attention of its targeted customers. Since this department is the key to your revenue and business activity, it requires people who have the skills for dealing with people and understanding what they require.There is no hard and fast rule to the organization of a marketing department, which depends entirely upon the needs of the business, its size and the amount of money that it wants to spend on marketing. But a typical marketing department in a large business operation is organized as follows:Chief Marketing Officer: This is the person who is at the top of the pyramid  and is in charge of the marketing department. The responsibilities of CMO lie in the decision making within the process of the development of the major marketing strategies, as well as running the marketing department. CMO is also answerable to the Board of Directors or the Management about the results of the marketing strategies.Marketing Director: The person in this role is responsible for all the marketing strategies that are created and implemented. With his tasks he assists the CMO of the company.Vice President Marketing: He is answerable to the Marketing Director. His responsibility is the implementation of the marketing strategies of the organization. He works with the marketing manager in determining the strategies, messages, and media to be employed for marketing.Marketing Manager: Marketing Manager works under the vice president marketing and assists him with the implementation of all marketing strategies including creating messages or advertisements for marketing, choosing th e medium of displaying the messages, which might include print media, television, banners and hoarding, website and social media marketing, etc. A marketing manager is also responsible for managing the other employees of the department. There may be one or several marketing managers depending upon the size and requirements of the business.Marketing Analyst or Researchers: These individuals are responsible for research and analysis that drives the marketing department and guides its marketing strategies by finding out about the target customers and the competition of the business. Marketing Analysts employ marketing tools such as surveys or studies to discover information that may be useful for marketing. They report to the marketing manager.Public Relations: Public Relation Officer is in charge of managing the reputation and goodwill of the company. His job is to create understanding of the clients and try to influence their thinking and behavior. PRO uses media management and commu nication to build up the company’s profile. The PRO works under the Marketing Manager and reports to him.Social Media Expert/Creative services: With the internet becoming a major player in marketing, a company benefits from the services of Social Media Experts (SME) and creative services. While the SMEs concentrate on marketing the business and its service on the internet so that more people become aware of it, the creative services take care of designing and presentation part of the business, these include websites, web pages, brochures, booklets, flyers, advertisements, mailers and e-mailers, and all other promotional material that is required by the marketing department. The creative services and social media marketing report to the marketing manager and work under him.Marketing Coordinator: Coordinates all the various sections of the marketing department and manages the advertising and marketing campaigns. Marketing Coordinator is responsible for tracking sales data, maintaini ng the promotional material inventory, planning events, preparing reports, etc. They work with the Marketing Manager and assist him.Marketing Assistant: Assists and reports to the marketing manager to run the day to day business of a marketing department. Carries out administrative work required for the smooth running of the department.Depending on a company size, there might be implemented a hierarchical organization of a marketing departments within a company.TOOLS OF A MARKETING DEPARTMENTIn order to succeed in its aim of creating market awareness for the business and its products, the marketing department requires some tools to facilitate its work. It needs to discover what the consumers want or require and provide them with it. This requires that the marketing department has a proper direction and strategy at its disposal to study the market, create the right product, and promote the product and the brand, towards the final aim of developing the business and enhancing the value of the business. The tools that are employed by the marketing team are:Marketing ResearchMarketing department is responsible for all marketing research. Research is essential to understand the consumer needs and also to identify the market for the products that the company hopes to sell. Marketing research also helps to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the business and its competitors. This eventually helps a business to eliminate its weakness, work upon its strength and to exploit the weaknesses of the competitors to wean away the customers from the competitors. The entire enterprise benefits from market research and the insights it generates.Product DevelopmentMarketing department helps to create products that customers need or want and improve upon the ones that already exist to create better value for the customers. It is the job of the marketing department to analyze the sales of products already in the market, look for opportunities to introduce new products where the re are gaps or change and improve products that are hard to sell. Marketing personnel provides information to product development team about the customer preferences, so that new products can be developed based on the customer insight provided by the marketing team. The marketing team is also responsible for determining the price of a product based on its research and for launching the product into the market.Advertising and Promotional CampaigningOnce the enterprise has a product to sell, it is the responsibility of the Marketing Department to promote the product and the brand. This will be performed through the help of the creative team by creating campaigns, events, advertisements, as well as promotional material. Such promotional material is used to promote the product, services, and brand to the public in order to create awareness and to convert prospects into customers. The marketing department is provided with a budget for promotion, and it has to design its promotional activ ities within the budget. The marketing department also manages the social media marketing for businesses. It does so with the help of social media experts who design and implement the strategy to promote the business and its product on the internet, create a buzz and utilize that buzz to attract customers and improve sales.Business DevelopmentIn order to create new business, marketing and sales departments have to work together. The marketing team devises ways to engage prospects. This may be facilitated through advertisements in the media or internet via the website or the social media. It uses information and incentives to keep the prospects interested and provides an opportunity for the sales department to convince the prospect to buy the product. So the marketing department creates or generates leads for the sales department to pursue. Not all leads convert to customers. The process of lead generation and creating new marketing avenues is a continuous process, and the marketing department is responsible for it.RESPONSIBILITIES OF A MARKETING DEPARTMENTMarketing department has a huge responsibility of making a business viable and profitable. It needs to do this by creating awareness, engaging customers, researching competitors and their product, preparing promotional activities and materials and a whole host of other responsibilities. The marketing department is like the jack of all trades in any organization. Anything that other departments do not handle is given to the marketing department to deal with. When we look in-depth at the responsibilities of the marketing department, it becomes very clear why it is the key department of any organization, without which it would be very difficult for the business to exist profitably.Applying customer-centric approachThe Marketing Department needs to have a relationship with the customer so that they can understand what the customers’ demand from the business and thus aim to meet those demands. Customer feedback is an important part of marketing and companies need to conduct surveys to get the feedback from customers and prospects. There are two ways to understand the customer needs and focus the business activities to reflect the customer’s demands; these are through internal channels by taking feedback from the sales department and the customer service department regarding customer preferences and their feedback. This can be done via data analysis as well as conducting surveys within the company. The other way to collect information is via external channels, through interaction with social media and internet. In the end, the focus should be to provide the customer with a valuable and pleasant experience when interacting with the company.Keeping up with the competitionThe marketing department is also responsible for researching the competition and keeping up with them to know what they are doing, which products they are launching, what are the weaknesses of the competitors and how to avo id making the same mistakes as the competitors. It is also essential to know how the company is placed in relation to its competitors, why the customers prefer the other companies, what customers the competitors target and the relationship they have with their customers. Once all this information is available then the marketing department can analyze it and create a better marketing and customer relation strategy for the company.BrandingA brand is the identity of a company. It is the practice of creating a name, design or symbol that denotes a particular product or business and makes it stand apart from other similar products or businesses. Branding helps to enhance the image of a business and make it more credible, elicit an emotionally positive response from the audience, motivates the audience to buy and creates loyalty for the brand and its products. It is the duty of the marketing department to create and promote a brand through images, words, ideas, and promises of benefits to the customer. The message needs to be delivered to the audience by all the members of the enterprise consistently and frequently.Finding the Right PartnersThe marketing department of all organizations cannot be extensive enough to handle all the marketing needs of the organization. In order to bring the full range of marketing tools and expertise to a business, it is often essential to hire specific expertise and people from outside the organization. It is essential to find the right partners who understand the philosophy and needs of the organization. It is the work of the marketing department to identify, hire and oversee these partners to bring best value to the business. These strategic partners could be advertising agencies to create and manage advertising campaigns, social media experts to manage the social media marketing side of the business, web designers, data analysts, copywriters, and other such people.Being creative and innovativeThe marketing department needs to be on its toes at all times. It is the responsibility of the marketing department to come up with creative ideas, whether it is for promotional purposes or to create a new product. Feedback and ideas from the marketing team are responsible for policy decisions regarding products, such as whether to create new products or improve the old one. It also needs to come up with creative ways to position the brand and the product to create additional revenue for the company. In order to fulfill all its responsibilities, the marketing department often takes the help of outside partners.Communicating with other departmentsOne of the key responsibilities of the marketing department is to create a channel of communication with all the other departments within an organization. It has to familiarize all the employees with the marketing ethics, company’s philosophy, and customer relationship. It can do so by conducting workshops, training sessions and talks or presentation regarding customer handling and brand awareness.BudgetingMarketing departments work on budgets. They are given a certain amount of money to spend upon creating a presence for the company or product in the market. It is the responsibility of the marketing department to estimate the cost of all the marketing activities it intends to carry out and prepare a budget that would use the allocated amount of money most efficiently. It is essential that the marketing personnel stick to the budget.Being aware of ROIThe marketing department needs to be aware of the concept of return on investment. Since all marketing activities cost money, the concept of ROI can help the marketing team to create a marketing strategy that gives the highest exposure for the least amount of money spent. They should constantly monitor themselves and evaluate whether the strategies that have been used have yielded the desired benefit or not, and what was the cost of the strategy in terms of time, effort, and most importantly money.Managing St rategyManaging the key activities of a business to work together is another responsibility of the marketing department. It is the duty of the marketing department to create and implement strategies that would enhance the business activities of the enterprise.Managing ResearchManaging research for the company is also the duty of the marketing department. This includes research about the products, marketing strategies, strengths and customers of the competitors in comparison to that of the organization. The Marketing Department also provides inputs regarding the pricing of a product.Managing EventsManaging events also comes within the scope of responsibilities of the marketing department. This including promotional events, exhibitions, seminars, training sessions, trade meetings, conventions, etc.We can thus see that the marketing department is essential not only for positioning and promoting a product but also for providing vital information to the organization about all aspects of t he business. It is the key department of any organization and cannot be dispensed with. Even in tough times, a business cannot do away with the marketing department. On the other hand, marketing department becomes the key player to pull a business out of troubles and set it back on the path to profitability.

Thursday, May 21, 2020

Love and Happiness - 782 Words

Collins I Anita Collins Professor: White English 0300 7 pm 29th March 2011 Love and Happiness According to the Webster dictionary love is to share one’s life, and downfalls; not just ones personal property; love is an affection for another arising out of kinship or personal ties; a strong feeling of attraction. Being honest about you and allowing the other person involved in the relationship to really get to know who you really are. Happiness is an agreeable feeling or condition of the soul arising from good fortune or propitious happening of any kind; the possession of those circumstances or that state of being which is attended with enjoyment. To love and be loved is the beauty of life; many people yearn†¦show more content†¦Happiness is perspective dependent emotion; it means that what could make someone happy could not be of importance to someone else. Happiness is just like love it is energy and when it’s shared it brings out the best results; try thinking of a moment when you share a joke with a friend the laughter brings out the best that makes you feel good and happy. Although this is what gives a good feeling; a happy person in fact can attract a lot of love because in fact its easily reflected in every activity; otherwise this creates a strong bond between love and happiness; however people will always return your Collins III charming smile, even though they are frowning and looking angry people will scowl at you. There is a common edge that â€Å"life is hard and we have to struggle to be happy; with this in mind I tend to differ to our expectations of struggles and problems. It’s amazing when things are moving so swiftly for us; we subconsciously wait for the storm to come. Life was meant to be easy but pessimism interferes with the flow of happiness in our lives. Open your heart to love and happiness and you will experience a breakthrough in love and happiness; there are time when you feel a lot of joy in your heart; butShow MoreRelatedAristophanes Speech On Love And Happiness850 Words   |  4 PagesAristophanes - states that the key to love and happiness is the search to finding ones other â€Å"half†, in which the couple becomes together or â€Å"whole†. In the quest to becoming â€Å"one†, the individuals find themselves in a lifelong togetherness, what some claim to be considered finding your â€Å"soul mate† When becoming â€Å"whole† the newly formed partnership embrace in sexual relations and share experiences with one another. In order to fully understand Aristophanes’ concept of erotic love, it is imperative to summarizeRead MoreExamples Of Love And Happiness In The Great Gatsby952 Words   |  4 PagesLove and tragedy have been a tale as old as time and is definitely not going anywhere. 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The author, Dr. Rick Hanson and his collaborator, Dr. Richard Mendius, are both scientist themselves with Dr. Hanson being aRead MoreHappiness in True Love After reading â€Å"True Love† I have concluded that Szymborska is trying600 Words   |  3 PagesHappiness in True Love After reading â€Å"True Love† I have concluded that Szymborska is trying promoting true love to the people who don’t believe, by stating the positive aspects to make people live a happier life. In the poem â€Å"True Love† by Wislawa Szymborska, it is obviously talking about true love such as how it happens, and when people are in love or a relationship. She uses a continuous form of sarcasm of people who do believe in true in love, and those who do. This making her a believer, createsRead MoreThe Life Of Constance Gist, A Life Filled With A Lot Of Love And Happiness1582 Words   |  7 PagesConstance Gist, a mother of three has lived a long and interesting life filled with a lot of love and happiness. Born February 18, 1917 in Berlin Wisconsin, she was raised on a 360 acre farm as the third oldest of a total of nine kids. As most would think growing up on a farm would be like, it is, and one would have to work every day planting, growing/maintaining crops, a nd picking them. Connie along with her brothers, sisters, and cousins, who lived up the street on the next farm over, would haveRead MoreLove Is Weakness And I Shall Destroy Your Happiness If It Is The Last Thing I1140 Words   |  5 PagesMoore 1 Taylor Moore Cary Babka Theatre Arts 356 19 September 2015 Regina Mills ‘Love is weakness’ and ‘I shall destroy your happiness if it is the last thing I do’ are some of the first lines we hear from the Evil Queen in ABC’s Once Upon a Time. Regina Mills cast a curse on an entire land to live in the modern world and everyone would have fake memories of living there. Everyone would forget about where they came from. They wouldn’t remember their family or the magic. The only one

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Chalice Chapter 12 Free Essays

string(161) " the same field at a little distance from her; as she brushed her fingers through the half-soft, half-bristly awns, she thought in surprise, They’re warm\." She paused at the edge of what had been its parkland. It was rapidly reverting to meadow; from where she stood she could no longer see the carriage drive that had led to it from the House, on the side opposite the wood. She could still see the knoll, however, and the ruin of the pavilion; the grass and the fast-growing saplings seemed to avoid it. We will write a custom essay sample on Chalice Chapter 12 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Her walk had warmed her, but she still shivered, looking at the knoll. She waded through the autumn-brown grasses, and the crackling noise this made seemed to announce her presence†¦to what? Seedheads popped and flung their contents over her like the audience cheering a victor of some contest on a fete day†¦. Again she shivered, although she was not cold. When she came to the crest of the knoll, the walls of the fallen pavilion seemed suddenly high and claustrophobic, shutting her in, though the highest of them were no taller than the top of her head, and most of them came no higher than her knees. It had been a curious shape, circular at the centre, but with arms like a star. It sprawled over the knoll as if it had been flung there; now that there was no level roof tying all together, the way the arms crept down the slope from the central plateau looked strange and eerie, and the few splintered stone stair-steps that had survived the fire looked like the teeth of lurking earth-monsters. At first she was at a loss; she only knew you had to sleep on the knoll. But what part of the knoll? Did she have to lie down and close her eyes in the centre of the old pavilion? For a third time she shivered, and this time she told herself crossly to stop it. It wasn’t that cold, and the knoll was empty. But it wasn’t empty; or if it was, it was no use to her. She stiffened against the next shiver, and pretended it hadn’t happened. What if what had occurred here a little over a year ago had broken the power of this place? What if she was here on a fool’s errand? She sat down on the top of the knoll, which was not, she thought, precisely at the centre of the pavilion. This was obscurely comforting. The tallest of the standing walls created a corner, and protected her from the prevailing wind. She lay down and curled up on her side, bending one arm beneath her head as pillow. She was not cold; she only had to sleep for a few minutes; it would be dawn soon, and daylight would wake her, daylight and birdsong. Surely the birds did not avoid this knoll†¦. She was asleep when the temperature dropped and the snow started again. It was not at all the dream she was expecting. First she dreamed of a man, no longer young but not yet old, in heavy boots and leather gaiters and a farmer’s smock, walking along a tree-shaded road, whistling. She could not make out his face clearly through the changing leaf-shadows, but she thought it was an open, friendly face. Who is this? she thought, but she was strangely unreassured that this man was not Horuld. He stopped by a well, and unhooked the bucket, and dropped it into the well, and wound it up again; in her dream she could hear every creak and splash, and the faint puff of the man’s breath as he raised the bucket. He reached for the dipper, which hung next to the peg he had taken the bucket off. It had been an ordinary dipper – hadn’t it? – he must have thought so too, because he didn’t merely pull his hand back when he saw what he was reaching for but stepped back from the well itself. What now hung on the dipper’s peg was a cup that looked like a Chalice’s goblet, heavily worked in silver; dreaming, she tried to see what the forms and figures were, but could not, only that the work was so ornate it threw its own shadows across the bowl. No ordinary roadside well should have such a thing. The man looked at it for a moment longer, laughed, shook his head, and drank directly from the bucket, which, when he hung it back on its peg, he did so very carefully, that his hand should not brush the mysterious goblet. No, she thought. Perhaps this man might have courted a beekeeper with a woodright, but he will have nothing to do with a Chalice. As the man walked on down the road, she seemed to remain behind; and the shadows of the trees grew thicker and darker till she was in a cold grey place where she could no longer move her arms and legs; and then she thought, though she was not sure, the figures on the well goblet had come to life, and she was surrounded by the faces of angry, frightened men and women. She recognised none of them, nor did any one pause for her to memorise it so that she would recognise it if she saw it again, when she woke, if she was to marry an angry, frightened, unknown man. She struggled to wake or to move, and as if she had broken some invisible bonds, she seemed suddenly to be free; and now she seemed to be walking at the edge of a field under a night sky. The field seemed to be familiar to her but it was hard to tell in the dark. The almost sweet, slightly dusty smell of a ripe cereal crop was in her nostrils, and she knew it would be a good harvest. The stalks came to her shoulders, and she cou ld see over them, to where someone else seemed to be walking at the edge of the same field at a little distance from her; as she brushed her fingers through the half-soft, half-bristly awns, she thought in surprise, They’re warm. You read "Chalice Chapter 12" in category "Essay examples" And then the dream had shifted again, and she was surrounded by redness and heat. Where was the face of the man she would marry, or some sight of herself standing alone in an embroidered robe carrying a cup? She could see nothing but the peculiar undifferentiated redness. Not quite undifferentiated: there were streaks in it, fluttering, trembling, golden streaks, and a gentle thumping noise near her ear. Just one ear, as if her cheek rested against something that brought the echo of the sound to her. She was still curled up, but she didn’t seem to be lying down any more, and her head was resting against this gently thumping thing, her wrists bent round each other and hands clasped under her chin as if she were bearing herself as Chalice. Except that she wasn’t bearing herself at all; something was holding her. Her legs were folded under her as if she were sitting in a chair at home, the chair whose seat had lost most of its stuffing, so you had to sit on the frame edge, with your legs bent under you, or half disappear down the unexpected well†¦. There was redness all around her, redness and gold; they blended together, and they did not blend, for the red was hard and restless and spiky, and the gold was smooth and supple and flowing. She seemed to breathe it; her right nostril drew in red, and her left gold. Her Chalice-cradling hands instead cradled a rope of red and gold, whose individual threads wove in and out between her fingers, the red through the fingers of her right hand, the gold through the fingers of her left. She felt that the very hair of her head had gone red and golden, that the hair on the right side fell coarse and harsh and red, and on the left, fine and soft and golden. She wondered if the strangeness of what she saw, the way everything seemed both too shallow and too deep, was that her right eye saw only red and her left only gold, and they somehow could not put the two together as they had done all the ordinary things in her life till now†¦. She felt dizzy, except that she was being securely held, and could not fall. She thought she should be frightened, for she knew the world was not red and gold; but she did not feel frightened. The red and gold were very beautiful. She wondered if what she was held by was a red thing or a golden thing. She didn’t know when she realised that the Master was holding her in his lap. The chair-well was the space between his knees – she supposed – as he sat cross-legged. The thump was the beating of his heart. (Did priests of Fire still have hearts that beat?) His arms were around her, one round her waist, and the second gently holding her bent head against his chest. She wanted to tell him that she was awake, that he could let her go, that it was very nice of him to warm her like this – it was rather cold to be sleeping outdoors – but it wasn’t necessary. But she found she couldn’t. Indeed she couldn’t move, even to drop her hands out of the Chalice clasp. It is good that you are awake. But do not try to move yet. What? You are still dangerously cold. Do not try to move. I – I’m not cold! You are held by Fire. Let it do its work. I†¦don’t understand. I found you half dead of cold. I do not understand either. She stopped puzzling over the strange immobility of her body and tried to remember what had happened before she woke up. The warmth she felt now reminded her of waking up by her own fireside with the understanding that she had to go to the old knoll – suddenly she remembered that its old name had been Listening Hill – and go to sleep there long enough to dream. She needed a dream from Listening Hill to tell her if she was to marry Horuld. This was not something she wanted to tell the Master. She was beginning to be able to feel her breath going in and out. Her elbows were tucked so close to her body that they moved as her rib-cage expanded and contracted. She could feel her own breath on the backs of her hands, she could feel the long bone of her right thumb pressed against the bottom of her lowered chin†¦and at that point she found she could let her clasped hands drop. The red and the gold seemed to dim into the shadows, till all she saw was shadows. For a moment she grieved for the red and the gold. The Master let go of her gently. She tried to sit up, and swayed a little. He uncrossed his legs and knelt behind her, his hands now under her elbows, and as he stood up he drew her with him. He’s stronger, she thought fuzzily – no; he would say that Fire was helping him. But her thought added stubbornly, And his limbs seem to bend in all the ordinary human places, and he seems solid – like flesh, not like fire. She tried not to stagger. The billows of his cloak fell down between them. She couldn’t remember now what she had been leaning against while he – and Fire – held her: his shirt? His bare skin? Is it only his face and hands that are black – is he red and golden under his clothes, like fire? But no hearth fire ever looked like what she had seen. Had he become Fire again to save her? She thought, I’m not burnt, I’m only warm. Once she was standing unaided he bent and picked something up off the ground: her shawl, and then her cloak. He wrapped them round her, though at the moment she was so warm she did not want them. They were comforting, though, comforting in their familiarity. It hadn’t been frightening when she woke up, but now that he had released her the idea of having been held by Fire was terrifying. She touched her hair; it felt as it always did. She held her hands out in front of her where she could see them, and they looked just the same as usual. They were not black, and the tips of the fingers did not glow red. And he had learnt not to burn human flesh. He had only burnt her the once, when he had only recently left his Fire, when he was exhausted by a journey he was no longer fit to endure. It was only then that she noticed that it was still dark. Since they stood on open ground there was enough light to see by despite the cloud cover. She turned to look at him. His blackness was a silhouette against the grey sky; he seemed to grow out of the silhouettes of the broken stones of the pavilion. But she could see his red eyes, looking down at her. â€Å"How did you find me?† she said. He looked up, away from her. â€Å"I often try to read the earthlines at night, when the world is quieter, and most human beings are asleep. This last week I have been walking – with Ponty’s help – the line that runs from the Ladywell to the crossroads by the golden beeches, but tonight I could not concentrate. Fire is very aware of heat and cold; I thought for a while that it was only dancing with the snow. Eventually it occurred to me that it would not – not – I don’t know how to explain – at last I looked where it would draw my attention and saw one of my folk dying of cold on the pavilion hill. My Chalice. And so I came here.† He looked at her again. â€Å"You were not†¦you were not trying to destroy yourself, were you?† â€Å"Oh, no,† she said, appalled. â€Å"No. Absolutely not.† Was I? Would I rather die than marry Horuld? A tiny thought added plaintively, Who would take care of my bees? If I died, or if I married Horuld? she thought back at it, but there was no response. He let out his breath in a long sigh that crackled like fire. â€Å"I thought, perhaps†¦being Chalice to such a one as I†¦might be too great a strain.† â€Å"Gods of the earthlines,† she burst out, â€Å"no.† She thought, And how would a Chalice who cannot bear her Master’s Fire choose to kill herself? Very possibly by freezing. He was silent for a moment and then said, â€Å"I have also thought, lately, that perhaps, it would be as well if I†¦removed myself. Ceded the Mastership to Horuld, presumably, as he has been chosen by the Overlord.† â€Å"No,† she said again, but he did not seem to hear her this time, and there was a lump in her throat so large she could not immediately say it again. She put her hands to her throat as if to squeeze the lump away and let her speak. â€Å"No – think of the hardship – even the annihilation – of any demesne when the bloodline is broken and another family must establish itself.† â€Å"That is only when the bloodline is broken. I do not know if anyone has ceded a Mastership before. My thought is that if the old Master can create a way for the new, there may be little disturbance. Less, perhaps, than the disturbance caused by a priest of Fire trying to become Master of a demesne, even if he is of the old bloodline.† â€Å"What disturbance has been so great that you must think this way?† she cried. â€Å"Do you know – do you not know – that the demesne has been in trouble for years? Perhaps no one will tell you – very well, I am your Chalice, I will tell you – your brother had been trying his best to shatter Willowlands upon the rock of his egotism. He grew much worse after you left – after he no longer had to pretend to explain himself to you. He could no longer be bothered even to listen to the earthlines, let alone walk them. He was fully absorbed in what he called his researches. I know very little about this, even now, because I was a small woodskeeper when your brother was Master, and such as I was only heard rumours, and since then I†¦ â€Å"But I can tell you what the small folk of the demesne experienced, the last years of your brother’s Mastership. Mortar would not hold and walls fell down. Roof-trees cracked when they were sound and without woodworm. Saplings well-planted withered; seed put in the ground did not sprout. Sheep rarely had twins; cows were often barren. And every season there were fires. Brush fires, till the farmers who were accustomed to burning off their redberry moors no longer dared do so; chimney fires; lightning fires. The same year we in the east saved Cag’s barn, two lightning-struck houses in the north and the west burnt to the ground. But the heat of your brother’s energies beat out from the pavilion, night after night after night, till they too caught fire and burned.† He answered, â€Å"Yes, I have wondered about that fire. You are right that most people – even my Circle; even my Chalice – do not speak to me willingly of what happened since I went to Fire. But I can read, as I find my way slowly through this land that is unexpectedly my demesne, that there had been much fire here in those seven years. As unusually much, perhaps, as there have been unusually many quiet old horses overturning their carts or their ploughs and running away – although any horse may take fright and bolt – or as unusually many Housefolk being turned away for breakages and carelessness, although there are always people who do not pay proper attention to what they are doing, or do not care. â€Å"I have never known why my brother chose to send me to Fire, rather than Air or Earth. Perhaps Fire runs in our blood: I did think, in the heat of my own fury, that he chose Fire from his burning rage against me. But as the priests agreed to take me he must have been right about what there was in me that Fire could fix on, could yoke to itself; they would not have taken me merely because my brother wished to be rid of me. Perhaps – perhaps we were born in the wrong order, and it was he who should have gone to Fire, where the fire that was in him could have been put to better purpose.† Perhaps we were born in the wrong order was so like what she had often thought that she could not reply. Perhaps his brother would have been a good priest of Fire; but Willowlands had had to live with his being a bad Master. After a little he went on: â€Å"The Circle will not speak to me of what happened in the seven years of my brother’s Mastership, but they speak to me much – if not very clearly – about what has happened since I returned. They will not say it outright, but they would like to see the Overlord’s Heir as Master here.† â€Å"Not all of them,† she flashed back at him. â€Å"Not I. Not the Grand Seneschal.† â€Å"That is two against nine,† he said gently. â€Å"And the twelfth?† she said. â€Å"What of yourself? Would you truly say against yourself?† She paused, and a dreadful thought occurred to her: â€Å"Do you miss your Fire so much?† â€Å"Miss Fire,† he said musingly. â€Å"I don’t know. Isn’t that strange? Do you miss your woodskeeping?† â€Å"Yes,† she said immediately. â€Å"Especially – † She fell silent. â€Å"Especially now?† he said. â€Å"Why were you asleep on Listening Hill on a night too cold for human flesh and blood?† She jerked as if he had struck her when he said â€Å"Listening Hill.† He waited, but she made no answer. â€Å"I do not think you would come here for the sake of recent ghosts,† he said at last. â€Å"And I remember it had an oracular name, when it was still called Listening Hill. What foretelling was worth the risk – was so urgent it could not wait – with the snow falling?† How to cite Chalice Chapter 12, Essay examples

Saturday, April 25, 2020

Rustico and Alibech Essay Example

Rustico and Alibech Essay Is this tale pornographic or artistic? Defend your answer. In my opinion, the tale Rustics and Illiberal is an artistic tale. Because according to what I have researched, pornography (often abbreviated as porn or porno in informal usage) is the portrayal of sexual subject matter for the purpose of sexual arousal, and in the story of Rustics and Illiberal I didnt think that the purpose of this story is to sexually arouse its readers nor the intention of the writer to do so. And I also think that if this account is pornographic then there wouldnt be any story in it, only sexual acts would be written in it. The author, pick this kind of nature for the story, Rustics and Illiberal for certain reasons. One, I think he wants the people to know that anyone can commit sins, even though those holy men. And second, I think he also wants women to learn something from Illiberal; not to be gullible and foolish. II. Macbeth 2. Shakespearean tragedy is based on Christian Doctrine. How Is this concept projected in Macbeth? I think that it is project through the very characters of Macbeth; the conflict between good and bad; and the sins men have committed. Macbeth represents Adam and Lady Macbeth represents Eve. We will write a custom essay sample on Rustico and Alibech specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Rustico and Alibech specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Rustico and Alibech specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In the story, Lady Macbeth forced Macbeth to murder King Duncan so that, her husband can assume the throne, like Eve In the book of Genesis, she lure Adam to eat the forbidden fruit. Macbeth dont want to murder the King even though he wants to be the King, but through the persuasion of his wife, Lady Macbeth, he proceed with their plan. Christian Doctrine, was also projected through the conflict of good and bad In Macbeth. Ill. Rose for Emily 1 . Why Is the story not told In a strictly chronological order? I think giving us a hint of what personality Emily have Is the reason why the story events are Jumbled. Through this Jumbled events readers would somehow grasp the picture of Emily, of what shes really like. 2. What Is the logic In the ordering of events? The logic In the ordering of events Is not to smoothly reveal the crime MISS Emily has done, In a way this ordering of events also tells us about the things that may be the reasons why she has done that crime. PAPER 2 Mary Laymen E. Babysat HUMPH/BE Gag. 14, 2014 Rustics and Illiberal By Holmes I. Rustics and Illiberal 2. Shakespearean tragedy is based on Christian Doctrine. How is this concept to murder King Duncan so that, her husband can assume the throne, like Eve in the projected through the conflict of good and bad in Macbeth. Ill. Rose for Emily 1 . Why is the story not told in a strictly chronological order? I think giving us a hint of what personality Emily have is the reason why the story picture of Emily, of what shes really like. 2. What is the logic in the ordering of The logic.

Wednesday, March 18, 2020

How to Write a Thesis on the History of American Business

How to Write a Thesis on the History of American Business In the previous two guides, we discussed 10 facts for a thesis on the history of American business and 20 topics for a thesis on the history of American business, to help you built a strong foundation so that you can write a great thesis for your paper. In this final guide, we discuss how you will actually plan and write your thesis on the history of American business. Reading this guide will help improve your thesis in a number of ways by adding high credibility and worthiness to it. Here is how to write a thesis on the history of American business: Develop a Thesis First Let’s imagine, for a moment, that you are a member of a jury whose main purpose is to listen to the lawyer proposing an open argument. What would you want from that lawyer? You would want to know if he/she believes the accused is guilty. You’ll also want to know why he believes so, and how he plans to convince you of this notion. That is pretty much how your readers think while reading your thesis. Consider your audience as jury members. They want to know what you will argue about and how you plan to do it. An effective thesis isn’t a topic, a fact or an opinion. Instead, a good thesis discusses two key points of your paper: What you plan to argue. How you plan to argue â€Å"it† or your main take-away; i.e. what your support for your claim is and where it’s going to go in your essay. How to Construct a Thesis Here is how a thesis is ideally constructed: Analyze your primary sources first. Seek tension, ambiguity, complication, controversy and interest. Know if the author contradicts himself/herself or not. Keep an eye out for a point that’s made then reversed later. Find out the deeper implications of the author’s argument, if there are any. Seek out what we have described above and you’ll have a clear idea on developing a thesis that actually works and sounds like a thesis. Write down the thesis as soon as you have a working one. It is very frustrating to have a great idea for a thesis, then forgetting it due to losing your train of thought. Writing down a thesis will make you think clearly, concisely and logically. Be wary though; your first written thesis would not serve as a final draft. However, you’ve written something that’s appropriate for your audience, so good job! Readers are used to finding thesis at the end of the introductory paragraph (generally, this is a rule of thumb in academic papers), usually in a 5-15 page essay. So it’s always recommended to have your thesis statement where it belongs which allows the reader to automatically pay more attention to it. However, seek advice from your professor about the placement of your thesis statement, since it can vary from paper to paper. Note that every argument houses a counterargument and you should anticipate which ones need to be refuted later on. This helps in refining your thesis even more, strengthens it further, and makes it more convincing and interesting to read. The Traits of an Effective Thesis To make your thesis admirable, convincing, solid and interesting to read, keep in mind the following traits which make for an effective thesis: It’s never a question. It’s never a list. It isn’t vague, confrontational or combative. It holds an arguable and definable claim. It is as clear and specific as a thesis can be. Now get going and do your best! We’re certain that you’re going to be admired for the hard work you put into your business thesis. Just follow our guidelines as strictly as possible and you’re all set. Happy writing!

Sunday, March 1, 2020

Using Caer, the Spanish Verb for Falling

Using Caer, the Spanish Verb for Falling The Spanish verb caer usually carries the idea of to fall and can be used in a variety of situations. While many of its uses can be translated using the English verb fall, a few cannot. Using Caer for To Fall and To Fall Over Here are some examples of everyday usage where caer is straightforwardly used for to fall or to fall over: El avià ³n cayà ³ en el ocà ©ano. (The plane fell into the ocean.)Si del cielo te caen limones, aprende a hacer limonada. (If lemons fall to you from the sky, learn to make lemonade.)Los barcos cayeron por las cataratas del Nigara. (The boats dropped over Niagara Falls.)El joven sufrià ³ un grave accidente al caer desde el tejado de la fbrica. (The youth had a serious accident when he fell from the factorys roof.)El coche cayà ³ por el barranco por causas que se desconocen. (The car fell over the cliff for unknown reasons.)El tanque se cayà ³ de un puente. (The tank fell off a bridge.) The same meaning can be applied figuratively: Exportaciones colombianas cayeron en 18,7 por ciento. (Colombian exports fell 18.7 percent.)El turismo en Bolivia cayà ³ por la gripe. (Bolivian tourism declined because of the flu.) Caer can also be used when speaking of weather: Las lluvias fuertes y prolongadas cayeron sobre Cuenca. (The strong and long-lasting rains fell on   Cuenca.)La extraordinaria belleza de la nieve que caà ­a le provocaba ms alegrà ­a. (The extraordinary beauty of the snow that fell made him more joyful.)Rompiendo un record, la temperatura cayà ³ 43 grados en tan solo una semana. (Breaking a record, the temperature fell 43 degrees in only a week.)   Using Caer for To Succumb Caer is frequently used to indicate the idea of succumbing or being overtaken by a force of some sort, or to fall into an error. The translation can vary with the context. La cantante confesà ³ que cayà ³ en la anorexia y la bulimia. (The singer admitted that she sank into anorexia and bulimia.)Caà ­ en la tentacià ³n de ser infiel. (I succumbed to the temptation of being unfaithful.)El hombre cayà ³ en la trampa del FBI. (The man fell into the FBIs trap.)No caigas en el error de prometer lo que no puedes conseguir. (Dont make the mistake of making promises you cannot keep.)Parà ­s cayà ³ bajo los tanques nazis. (Paris fell to the Nazi tanks.)Tras padecer un cncer, caà ­ en depresià ³n. (After suffering from cancer, I fell into depression.) Using Caer With Dates Caer can be used to mean that something falls on a particular date. It is used mostly commonly with days of the week. Este aà ±o mi cumpleaà ±os cae en jueves. (This year my birthday falls on a Thursday.)Si el dà ­a 30 de abril cae en domingo la fiesta se traslada al dà ­a 29. (If April 30th falls on a Sunday, the festival is moved to the 29th.) Using Caer To Indicate Compatibility Caer can be used with an indirect-object pronoun to suggest the idea of to get along with or to be OK with. The translation varies with context; often, a translation of to like or dislike will do. Me caen bien tus amigos. (I like your friends. Or, I get along with your friends.)Esto no va a caer muy bien a los otros equipos. (The other teams arent going to be pleased with this.)No me cayà ³ bien la decisià ³n. (I didnt like the decision. Or, the decision wasnt fine with me.)Ese desodorante le cae mal a mi piel. (That deodorant bothers my skin.) ¿Que profesores te caà ­an mejor? (Which teachers did you like best?)Me cayà ³ mal la comida. (The meal disagreed with me.) Conjugation of Caer Caer is conjugated irregularly. Irregular forms are shown in boldface below. Translations given are those most commonly used. Gerund:: cayendo (falling) Past participle: caà ­do (fallen) Present indicative:  caigo, tà º caes, el/ella/usted cae, nosotros/nosotras caemos, vosotros/vosotras caà ©is, ellos/ellas/ustedes caen (I fall, you fall, he/she falls, etc.) Preterite: yo caà ­, tà º caà ­ste, el/ella/usted cayà ³, nosotros/nosotras caà ­mos, vosotros/vosotras caà ­steis, ellos/ellas/ustedes cayeron (I fell, you fell, etc.) Present subjunctive: que caiga, que tà º caigas, que el/ella/usted caiga, que nosotros/nosotras caigamos, que vosotros/vosotras cagis, que ellos/ellas/ustedes caigan (that I fall, that you fall, etc.) Imperfect subjunctive: que yo cayera/cayese, que tà º cayeras/cayeses, que el/ella/usted cayera/cayese, que nosotros/nosotras cayà ©ramos/cayà ©semos, que vosotros/vosotras cayerais/cayeseis, que ellos/ellas/ustedes cayeran/cayesen (that I fell, that you fell, etc.) Affirmative imperative: cae tà º, caiga usted, caigamos nosotros, caed vosotros/vosotras, caigan ustedes (you fall, you fall, let us fall, etc.) Negative imperative: no caigas tà º, no caiga usted, no caigamos nosotros/nosotras, no cagis vosotros/vosotras, no caigan ustedes (dont you fall, dont you fall, let us fall, etc.)

Friday, February 14, 2020

Cover letter Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Cover letter - Assignment Example I am one of the core group members that handle the media enquiries and assist the fresher seeking admission to the college. I was also a member of the negotiating committee that visited the Mayor to discuss and upgrade the communication strategies in the educational institutions. I was actively associated with the job up updating the website of my institution and expand its reach in tune with the latest developments and improvements. Communicating with the social medial platforms is also my responsibility. By pursuing the policy of ‘earn while you learn’ I have designed websites and also wrote their contents for the benefit of a number of organizations. These experiences have been quite challenging as the companies often sought my suggestions in proactive campaign-driven releases and responsive communications. I have tendered appropriate solutions to their crisis situations promptly and this has enhanced the reputation of those organizations. I have developed good grasp of their competing priorities. I am fairly conversant with the environment legislation and have read hundreds of articles on environmental protection and the role of the common man, organizations and the government in this regard. I know the type of messages to be given to different types of audiences and possess good oral and written communications skills. I can draft questionnaires on the relevant subjects and can conduct radio interview. I have also appeared in question-and-answer sessions in television programs. I have intense interest in environmental issues and about protecting flora and fauna of Mother Earth. I regularly participate in the conservation programs held in the city of Houston. I therefore seek the golden opportunity to work for a sterling organization like Clean Environment! America, to contribute to the propagation of green message and involve in the related practices. I am quite enthusiastic to leverage my

Saturday, February 1, 2020

Create an Innovation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Create an Innovation - Essay Example Creating or finding a way where the driver’s safety is not compromised while sending and receiving text messages can indeed be a challenge. As it is, studies have already proven that texting while driving is dangerous that a new innovative way is needed to keep the driver’s eyes on the road while still able to receive and text messages. Banning text messaging through legislation such as the case of Text Messaging Law of California that prohibits text driving (California Department of Motor Vehicles, 2011) will not work evident with the continued accidents and fatal crashes associated to text driving. Thus, the innovative idea/s that will be found or created that will enable drivers to text while keeping their eyes on the road will save thousands of lives and limbs and also millions of dollars because accidents and crashes linked to text driving can be minimized if not totally eliminated with the proposed innovation. For the company, developing a product and/or system that would allow a driver to text and drive would be considered revolutionary that could significantly enhanced its bottom line. The immediate impact of the development of an innovative product and/or system that would allow a driver to text while driving would be the recognition from the safety regulation agencies that indeed the device and/or system works. Such recognition would bear credibility to the product and/or system that would make it possible for the product to become mandatory in any vehicle before it can be insured. When such objective is realize, the increase in revenue that will be derived from such innovation would be exponential considering that all vehicles in the US will be required to install it before it can be insured. In addition to the recognition to the company the revenue that can be derived from the direct sale of the product and/or system, the

Friday, January 24, 2020

Examples of How Set Can Communicate the Dances Ideal Concept :: Dance Drama Still Life at the Penguin Cafe Essays

Examples of How Set Can Communicate the Dance's Ideal Concept When a dance piece is created, it is not just the choreography of the steps that needs to be considered. To make a successful piece, firstly a starting point needs to be found, this can be anything ranging from an emotion, an animal, or even someone's journey to work or school. When this has been decided upon, there are five main areas that need to be concentrated on. These are; costume, music, set, lighting and choreography. These different fields of the dance cannot be considered separate, nor is there a rank of importance; all five areas need to be created together. They compliment each other, and grow together to form the piece. In this essay I am going to focus on the importance of just one of these factors, the set. Using examples from professional dance works I am going to discuss how the set successfully communicates the dance's ideal concept. The first dance work I am going to use as an example, is from "Still Life at the Penguin Cafà ©" choreographed by David Bintley and designed by Hayden Griffin. I have chosen to discuss the set in the first scene of the performance, "The Great Auk". There are two sections to this scene, the first section being a representation of the Great Auk's habitat, the second being a busy cafà ©, run by penguins as waiters and sophisticated women as customers. The set for the first section is simple but effective. The stage has a black backdrop, covering the whole stage wall, and a smaller screen on wheels centre stage. This screen is roughly 7ft tall and a vertical rectangle. On it an icy landscape is painted. It shows ice and sea, using white and icy blue colours. It shows an image of the penguin's habitat. It lets the audience know a bit about the penguin's background and what it has to deal with in life. This is very effective as it communicates the meaning of the piece, showing that life for this creature is hard. This piece of se is also very useful within the piece, as the dancers use it as an added entrance. They hide behind the screen and appear at the sides, this give added interest to the piece, and it is also practical as it is on wheels, therefore easy to move on and off the stage. The rest of the stage is left empty for this section, providing space for the dance. For the second part of this scene, the icescape is moved off stage and the backdrop is lifted to reveal a cafà ©.

Thursday, January 16, 2020

Positive Feedbacks in the Economy

Positive Feedbacks in the Economy A new economic theory elucidates mechanisms whereby small chance events early in the history of an industry or technology can tilt the competitive balance by W. Brian Arthur onventional economic theory is built on the assumption of diminishing renrrns. Economic actions engender a negative feedback that leads to a predictable equilibrium for prices and market shares. Such feedback tends to stabilize the economy because any major changes will be offset by the very reactions they generate. The high oil prices of the 1970's ncouraged energy conservation and increased oil exploration, precipitat- ing a predictable drop in prices by the early 1980's. According to conventional theory the equilibrium marks the ‘best† outcome possible under the cir- natives will be the â€Å"best† one. Furthermore, once random economic events select a particular path the choice may become locked-in regardless of the advantages of the alternatives. If one pr oduct or nationin a competitive [email  protected] gets ahead by â€Å"chance,† it tends to stay ahead and even increase its lead. hedictable, shared markets are no longer guaranteed.During the past few years I and other economic theorists at Stanford University, the Santa Fe Insurute in New Mexico and elsewhere have been developing a view of the economy based Such a market is initially unstable. Both systems were introduced at about the same time and so began with roughly equal market shares; those shares fluctuated early on because of external circumstance, â€Å"luclC' and corporate maneuvering. Increasing returns on early gains eventually tilted the competition toward VHS: it accumulated enough of an advantage to take vhrually the entire VCR market.Yet it would have been impossible at the outset of the competition to say which system would win, which of the two possible equilibria would be se- Such an agreeable picture often on positive feedback. Increasing-returns eco nomics has roots that go back 70 years or more, but its application to the economy as a whole is does violence to reality. In many parts largely new. The theory has strong lected. Furthermore, if the claim that Beta was technically superior is true, then the market's choice did not represent the best economic outcome. Conventional economic theory of- stabilizing forces arallels with modern nonlinear physics (instead of the pre-ZOth-century physical models that underlie conventional economics), it requires new and challenging mathematical techniques between two technologies or products performing the same function. An example is the competition between water and coal to generate electricity. As cumstances: the most efficient use and allocation of resources. of the economy, appear not to operate. Instead positive feedback magnifies the effects of small economic shifts; the economic models that describe such effects differ vastly from the conventional ones.Diminishing returns imply a s ingle equilibrium point for the economy, but positive feedback-increasing returns-makes for many possible equilibrium points. There is no guarantee that the particular economic outcome selected from among the many alterW. BRIANARTHUR is Morrison hofes- sor of Population Studies and Economics at Stanford University. He obtained his Ph. D. from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1973 and holds graduate degtees in operations research, economics and mathematics. Until recently Arthur was on leave at the Santa Fe Institute, a research insdrute dedicated o the srudy of complex systems. There he directed a team of economists, physicists, biologists and others investigating behavior of the economy as an evolving, complex system. and it appears lTth† history of the videocassette I recorder furnishes a simple exI ample of positive feedbaik. the vcR market started out with two competing formats selling at about the same price: VIIS and Beta. Ehch format could realize increasing r erurns as its market share increased: large numbers of VHS recorders would encourage video outlets to stock more prerecorded tapes in VHS format, thereby enhancing the value of owning a WIS ecorder and leading more people to buy one. (The same would, of course, be true for Beta-format players. ) Ir this way, a small gain in market share would improve the competitive position of one system and help it further increase its lead. 92 Scrrmrrc AMERTcAN to be the appropri- ate theory for understanding modern high-technology economies. February 1990 fers a different view of competition hydroelectric plants take more of the market, engineers must exploit more costly dam sites, thereby increasing the chance that a coal-fired plant will be cheaper. As coal plants take more f the market, they bid up the price of coal (or trigger the imposition of costly pollution controls) and so tip the balance toward hydropower. The two technologies end up sharing the market in a predictable proportion that best e>'qploits the potentials of each, in contrast to what happened to the two video-recorder systems. The evolution of the VCR market would not have surprised the great Victorian economist Alfred Marshall, one of the founders of today's conventional economics. In his 1890 Pr'nciples of Economics, he noted that if firms' production costs fall as their arket shares increase, a firm that simply by good fortune gained a high proportion of the market early on would be able to best its rivals; ‘uhatever firm first gets a good start† would corner the market. Marshall did not follow up this observatior however, and theoretical economics has until recently largely ignored it. Marshall did not believe that increasing returns applied everywhere; agriculture and mining-the mainstays of the economies of his timewere subject to diminishing returns caused by limited amounts of fertile land or high-quality ore deposits.Manufacturing, on the other hand, eqioyed increasing returns becau se large plants allowed improved organization Modern economists do not see economies of scale as a reliable source of increasing returns. Sometimes large plants have proved more economical; often they have not. would update Marshall's insight by observing that the parts of the economy that are resource-based (agficulI ture, bulk-goods production, mining) are still for the most part subject to diminishing returns. Here conventional economics rightly holds sway.The parts of the economy that are knowledge-based, on the other hand, are largely subject to increasing retums. Products such as computers, pharmaceuticals, missiles, aircraft, automobiles, software, telecommunications equipment or fiber optics are complicated to design and to manufacture. They require large initial investments in research, development and tooling, but once sales begin, incremental production is relatively cheap. A new airframe or aircraft engine, for example, typically costs between $2 and $3 billion to design , develop, certify and put into production.Each copy thereafter costs perhaps $50 to $100 million. As more units are built, unit costs continue to fall and profits increase. Increased production brings additional benefits: producing more units means gaining more experience in the uct so as to be able to exchange information with those using it already. manufacturing process and achieving greater understanding of how to produce additional units even more mechanisms that did not involve technology. Orthodox economists avoided increasing returns for deeper reasons. cheaply. Moreover, er

Wednesday, January 8, 2020

Social Classes In Flauberts Madame Bovary - 1439 Words

In the 18th century, European society put an emphasis on social standing; each social class was expected to act differently, thus affecting the way one would get treated and the amount of opportunities available to them. In Flaubert’s Madame Bovary, food imagery and the way each character acts towards food reveals the distinctions between the various social classes and, more importantly, the mediocrity of the French bourgeoisie. However, Flaubert chooses not to focus on all of the social classes, but solely on the characteristics and mannerisms surrounding the middle and the high classes. Revolving the novel around middle-classed characters who represent the middle class, Flaubert criticizes the bourgeoisie through their desire to escape†¦show more content†¦The food served was not as grand as the dishes that would be present at a high-class banquet; however, it was still sophisticated enough that the food was relatively unavailable for the lower class to be able to a fford. This allows for the Bovary’s to have an air of aristocracy that masked their middle class reality. Moreover, although living comfortably, the actions of those in the middle class are still considered very basic; many of the bourgeoisie had lackluster table manners. Frustrated with Charles’ eating habits, Emma describes him â€Å"to be getting coarser in his ways;... after meals, he used to suck his teeth; eating his soup, he made a gurgling noise with every mouthful† (58). Such behaviour would be unheard of in the higher class, but to Emma, this was her unfavourable reality. Through this portrayal, she reveals her dissatisfaction with the behaviour of her own middle-class lifestyle. Furthermore, Emma’s constant sophisticated desires are incomprehensible by the rest of the middle class as the elder Madame Bovary â€Å"found her style too grand for her situation† (40). Emma views herself more as an aristocrat than a bourgeoisie, hence attempti ng to boast her seemingly more refined characteristics. Hoping to escape the mundane middle class, the bourgeoisie pine after the luxurious life of an aristocrat. Despite the bourgeoisie’s strong desire to rise above their social status, their wish was still unattainable;Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Morality In Madame Bovary1075 Words   |  5 Pageswriter. As such, we could argue that Flaubert’s main character in Madame Bovary, Emma, was based on one of his prostitutes and describes how he feels about women. Therefore, I am surprised the government bought Flaubert’s answer. After reading Madame Bovary, I understand why the government brought action against the author Gustave Flaubert and charged him with immorality. The entire novel is based on adultery, blasphemy, misery, bad decisions, self-destruction, social disgrace, financial ruin, and suicideRead MoreThe Rise Of A Middle Class Essay1678 Words   |  7 PagesEarly nineteenth century France gave rise to the ultimate social class called the Bourgeoisie. The Bourgeoisie consisted of the factory owners, wealthy bankers and the rest of upper class and their prestigious employment positions. The upper class glorified a life full of glamor and materialism. In contrast, the lower class or the working class came to be the proletariats. The working class appreciated hard work and strived to improve their circumstances; however, the Bourgeoisie strived to ensureRead MoreEssay on Tolstoys Anna Karenina3020 Words   |  13 Pagesscenes of Anna Karenina is the mowing at Levins estate. The first fully developed interaction between Levin and the peasant class that, at different stages of artistic development symbolized for Tolstoy the triumph of nature over the stained upper classes, the essence of Slavism that would save Russia from Europes fate of immolation by the intellectual class of nihilists and anarchists, and the core of a future religious utopia here appear in the narrators brief snatches of description in a very