Positive Feedbacks in the Economy

Positive Feedbacks in the Economy A new economic theory elucidates mechanisms whereby small chance events early in the history of an industry or technology can tilt the competitive balance by W. Brian Arthur onventional economic theory is built on the assumption of diminishing renrrns. Economic actions engender a negative feedback that leads to a predictable equilibrium for prices and market shares. Such feedback tends to stabilize the economy because any major changes will be offset by the very reactions they generate. The high oil prices of the 1970's ncouraged energy conservation and increased oil exploration, precipitat- ing a predictable drop in prices by the early 1980's. According to conventional theory the equilibrium marks the ‘best† outcome possible under the cir- natives will be the â€Å"best† one. Furthermore, once random economic events select a particular path the choice may become locked-in regardless of the advantages of the alternatives. If one pr oduct or nationin a competitive [email  protected] gets ahead by â€Å"chance,† it tends to stay ahead and even increase its lead. hedictable, shared markets are no longer guaranteed.During the past few years I and other economic theorists at Stanford University, the Santa Fe Insurute in New Mexico and elsewhere have been developing a view of the economy based Such a market is initially unstable. Both systems were introduced at about the same time and so began with roughly equal market shares; those shares fluctuated early on because of external circumstance, â€Å"luclC' and corporate maneuvering. Increasing returns on early gains eventually tilted the competition toward VHS: it accumulated enough of an advantage to take vhrually the entire VCR market.Yet it would have been impossible at the outset of the competition to say which system would win, which of the two possible equilibria would be se- Such an agreeable picture often on positive feedback. Increasing-returns eco nomics has roots that go back 70 years or more, but its application to the economy as a whole is does violence to reality. In many parts largely new. The theory has strong lected. Furthermore, if the claim that Beta was technically superior is true, then the market's choice did not represent the best economic outcome. Conventional economic theory of- stabilizing forces arallels with modern nonlinear physics (instead of the pre-ZOth-century physical models that underlie conventional economics), it requires new and challenging mathematical techniques between two technologies or products performing the same function. An example is the competition between water and coal to generate electricity. As cumstances: the most efficient use and allocation of resources. of the economy, appear not to operate. Instead positive feedback magnifies the effects of small economic shifts; the economic models that describe such effects differ vastly from the conventional ones.Diminishing returns imply a s ingle equilibrium point for the economy, but positive feedback-increasing returns-makes for many possible equilibrium points. There is no guarantee that the particular economic outcome selected from among the many alterW. BRIANARTHUR is Morrison hofes- sor of Population Studies and Economics at Stanford University. He obtained his Ph. D. from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1973 and holds graduate degtees in operations research, economics and mathematics. Until recently Arthur was on leave at the Santa Fe Institute, a research insdrute dedicated o the srudy of complex systems. There he directed a team of economists, physicists, biologists and others investigating behavior of the economy as an evolving, complex system. and it appears lTth† history of the videocassette I recorder furnishes a simple exI ample of positive feedbaik. the vcR market started out with two competing formats selling at about the same price: VIIS and Beta. Ehch format could realize increasing r erurns as its market share increased: large numbers of VHS recorders would encourage video outlets to stock more prerecorded tapes in VHS format, thereby enhancing the value of owning a WIS ecorder and leading more people to buy one. (The same would, of course, be true for Beta-format players. ) Ir this way, a small gain in market share would improve the competitive position of one system and help it further increase its lead. 92 Scrrmrrc AMERTcAN to be the appropri- ate theory for understanding modern high-technology economies. February 1990 fers a different view of competition hydroelectric plants take more of the market, engineers must exploit more costly dam sites, thereby increasing the chance that a coal-fired plant will be cheaper. As coal plants take more f the market, they bid up the price of coal (or trigger the imposition of costly pollution controls) and so tip the balance toward hydropower. The two technologies end up sharing the market in a predictable proportion that best e>'qploits the potentials of each, in contrast to what happened to the two video-recorder systems. The evolution of the VCR market would not have surprised the great Victorian economist Alfred Marshall, one of the founders of today's conventional economics. In his 1890 Pr'nciples of Economics, he noted that if firms' production costs fall as their arket shares increase, a firm that simply by good fortune gained a high proportion of the market early on would be able to best its rivals; ‘uhatever firm first gets a good start† would corner the market. Marshall did not follow up this observatior however, and theoretical economics has until recently largely ignored it. Marshall did not believe that increasing returns applied everywhere; agriculture and mining-the mainstays of the economies of his timewere subject to diminishing returns caused by limited amounts of fertile land or high-quality ore deposits.Manufacturing, on the other hand, eqioyed increasing returns becau se large plants allowed improved organization Modern economists do not see economies of scale as a reliable source of increasing returns. Sometimes large plants have proved more economical; often they have not. would update Marshall's insight by observing that the parts of the economy that are resource-based (agficulI ture, bulk-goods production, mining) are still for the most part subject to diminishing returns. Here conventional economics rightly holds sway.The parts of the economy that are knowledge-based, on the other hand, are largely subject to increasing retums. Products such as computers, pharmaceuticals, missiles, aircraft, automobiles, software, telecommunications equipment or fiber optics are complicated to design and to manufacture. They require large initial investments in research, development and tooling, but once sales begin, incremental production is relatively cheap. A new airframe or aircraft engine, for example, typically costs between $2 and $3 billion to design , develop, certify and put into production.Each copy thereafter costs perhaps $50 to $100 million. As more units are built, unit costs continue to fall and profits increase. Increased production brings additional benefits: producing more units means gaining more experience in the uct so as to be able to exchange information with those using it already. manufacturing process and achieving greater understanding of how to produce additional units even more mechanisms that did not involve technology. Orthodox economists avoided increasing returns for deeper reasons. cheaply. Moreover, er

Social Classes In Flauberts Madame Bovary - 1439 Words

In the 18th century, European society put an emphasis on social standing; each social class was expected to act differently, thus affecting the way one would get treated and the amount of opportunities available to them. In Flaubert’s Madame Bovary, food imagery and the way each character acts towards food reveals the distinctions between the various social classes and, more importantly, the mediocrity of the French bourgeoisie. However, Flaubert chooses not to focus on all of the social classes, but solely on the characteristics and mannerisms surrounding the middle and the high classes. Revolving the novel around middle-classed characters who represent the middle class, Flaubert criticizes the bourgeoisie through their desire to escape†¦show more content†¦The food served was not as grand as the dishes that would be present at a high-class banquet; however, it was still sophisticated enough that the food was relatively unavailable for the lower class to be able to a fford. This allows for the Bovary’s to have an air of aristocracy that masked their middle class reality. Moreover, although living comfortably, the actions of those in the middle class are still considered very basic; many of the bourgeoisie had lackluster table manners. Frustrated with Charles’ eating habits, Emma describes him â€Å"to be getting coarser in his ways;... after meals, he used to suck his teeth; eating his soup, he made a gurgling noise with every mouthful† (58). Such behaviour would be unheard of in the higher class, but to Emma, this was her unfavourable reality. Through this portrayal, she reveals her dissatisfaction with the behaviour of her own middle-class lifestyle. Furthermore, Emma’s constant sophisticated desires are incomprehensible by the rest of the middle class as the elder Madame Bovary â€Å"found her style too grand for her situation† (40). Emma views herself more as an aristocrat than a bourgeoisie, hence attempti ng to boast her seemingly more refined characteristics. Hoping to escape the mundane middle class, the bourgeoisie pine after the luxurious life of an aristocrat. Despite the bourgeoisie’s strong desire to rise above their social status, their wish was still unattainable;Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Morality In Madame Bovary1075 Words   |  5 Pageswriter. As such, we could argue that Flaubert’s main character in Madame Bovary, Emma, was based on one of his prostitutes and describes how he feels about women. Therefore, I am surprised the government bought Flaubert’s answer. After reading Madame Bovary, I understand why the government brought action against the author Gustave Flaubert and charged him with immorality. The entire novel is based on adultery, blasphemy, misery, bad decisions, self-destruction, social disgrace, financial ruin, and suicideRead MoreThe Rise Of A Middle Class Essay1678 Words   |  7 PagesEarly nineteenth century France gave rise to the ultimate social class called the Bourgeoisie. The Bourgeoisie consisted of the factory owners, wealthy bankers and the rest of upper class and their prestigious employment positions. The upper class glorified a life full of glamor and materialism. In contrast, the lower class or the working class came to be the proletariats. The working class appreciated hard work and strived to improve their circumstances; however, the Bourgeoisie strived to ensureRead MoreEssay on Tolstoys Anna Karenina3020 Words   |  13 Pagesscenes of Anna Karenina is the mowing at Levins estate. The first fully developed interaction between Levin and the peasant class that, at different stages of artistic development symbolized for Tolstoy the triumph of nature over the stained upper classes, the essence of Slavism that would save Russia from Europes fate of immolation by the intellectual class of nihilists and anarchists, and the core of a future religious utopia here appear in the narrators brief snatches of description in a very

Quién califica para la visa U listado de crímenes

La visa U protege y da beneficios migratorios a los migrantes que son và ­ctimas de determinados crà ­menes cometidos en Estados Unidos y, ademà ¡s, ayudan a las autoridades a resolverlos o a condenar a los culpables. Frecuentemente esta visa es utilizada por los migrantes indocumentados que no tienen otros recursos para regularizar su situacià ³n, como por ejemplo aquellos que ingresaron ilegalmente a Estados Unidos. Sin embargo, nada impide a extranjeros legalmente en EE.UU., como por ejemplo con una visa H de trabajo temporal o una visa F de estudiante, solicitar la visa U, si cumplen todos los requisitos. Listado de crà ­menes para calificar para la visa U Los migrantes indocumentados và ­ctimas de los siguientes crà ­menes podrà ­an calificar para solicitar y obtener la visa U. Asalto, que incluye felonà ­as como apuà ±alar, disparar a una persona, entrada violenta en una vivienda con personas en el interior y robo a mano armada.ChantajeExtorsià ³nIncestoHomicidio y asesinatoManipulacià ³n de un juradoMutilacià ³n genital femeninaObstruccià ³n a la justiciaPerjurio, es decir, cuando un testigo miente en un juicioProstitucià ³n o cualquier otra forma de explotacià ³n sexual que es forzadaSecuestro, retener a una persona ilegalmente o en situacià ³n de esclavitudObligar a trabajar en algo en lo que no se quiere o para pagar una deudaTrata de personas, es decir, el trà ¡fico ilegal de un ser humano con un fin de explotarlo sexualmente, laboralmente, para extraerle un à ³rgano, etc.TorturaViolencia domà ©stica, tanto en los casos de matrimonios como de parejas, tanto heterosexuales como de homosexuales. Incluye golpizas (palizas) y acoso verbal serioViolacià ³n y cualquier abuso o contacto sexual no deseado o  asalto sexual En cuanto al grado del crimen, puede ser consumacià ³n, tentativa o frustracià ³n. En el delito consumado, este se produce totalmente. En la tentativa, el delincuente no hace todo lo necesario para llegar a cabo el delito, por ejemplo, empieza a prepararlo pero a mitad de camino es detenido. Finalmente, en la frustracià ³n, el victimario hace todo lo que de à ©l o ella depende para cometer el crimen pero no se produce el resultado que buscaba. Por ejemplo, le dispara a la và ­ctima para asesinarla pero por mala punterà ­a no llega a darle. Ademà ¡s, para solicitar la visa U son requisitos indispensables que el crimen ocurra en Estados Unidos y que la và ­ctima colabore o haya colaborado con la policà ­a, la fiscalà ­a (procuradurà ­a) o cualquiera otra fuerza o institucià ³n de orden para el esclarecimiento del delito y/o para la condena del victimario. Finalmente, es necesario que la và ­ctima hubiera resultado herida fà ­sica o mentalmente a consecuencia de ese crimen. Beneficios de la visa U: permiso de trabajo y papeles Si la visa U es aprobada, el solicitante estarà ¡ protegido por la misma por un periodo de cuatro aà ±os. Durante ese tiempo, puede permanecer legalmente en EE.UU y obtener un permiso de trabajo. Ademà ¡s, a los tres aà ±os a contar desde la aprobacià ³n de la visa U puede solicitar la tarjeta de residencia permanente mediante un ajuste de estatus. Una vez que se obtiene à ©sta, a los 5 aà ±os podrà ­a solicitarse la ciudadanà ­a estadounidense por naturalizacià ³n o a los tres, si la và ­ctima està ¡ casada con un ciudadano. Es decir, la visa U es un camino para regularizar la situacià ³n migratoria en EE.UU. Asimismo, la visa U protege no solo a la và ­ctima de un crimen sino tambià ©n a su familia ya que algunos parientes pueden obtener una visa derivada que tambià ©n para ellos serà ­a un camino para la residencia. Si el solicitante de la visa U es menor de 21 aà ±os de edad en el momento de presentar la peticià ³n entonces pueden obtener la visa derivada su cà ³nyuge, hijos y hermanos, si bien estos à ºltimos deben ser menores de 18 aà ±os en momento de enviar la solicitud. Ademà ¡s, si el solicitante està ¡ soltero, puede pedir a sus padres. Por el contrario, si el solicitante ya ha cumplido los 21 aà ±os de edad solo puede pedir esas visas derivadas para su cà ³nyuge y para sus hijos. Otra de las ventajas de la visa U es que, debido a que sus tiempos de tramitacià ³n son muy largos, es posible obtener un estatus de accià ³n diferida, que permite permanecer en EE.UU. mientras la visa se procesa y que es và ¡lido por dos aà ±os. Sin embargo, es obligatorio destacar que para obtener ese estatus es requisito que el Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Ciudadanà ­a (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) analice el caso y considere que es de buena fe. Esto puede llevar unos 46 meses desde el momento en que se presenta la solicitud. Asimismo, una vez que se obtiene ese estatus de accià ³n diferida es posible obtener un permiso de trabajo, aunque todavà ­a no se tiene la visa U aprobada. Para ello USCIS recomienda enviar dos solicitudes del formulario I-765 en el momento de enviar el I-918, que es el formulario que inicia todo el proceso. Una solicitud se emplea para aprobar el permiso de trabajo con el estatus de accià ³n diferida y la otra para aprobarlo conjuntamente con la visa U en un momento posterior. Inconvenientes Visa U: demora, viajes y deportacià ³n En la actualidad hay grandes demoras en el proceso de la visa U. Segà ºn datos oficiales del à ºltimo trimestre del aà ±o anterior, hay mà ¡s de 208.813 casos pendientes, lo que significa que en estos momentos se estima, aproximadamente, una demora en la tramitacià ³n de 11 o 12 aà ±os para las solicitudes que se presentan en estos momentos. Sin embargo, se puede obtener antes el estatus de accià ³n diferida que permite al solicitante de la visa U permanecer en Estados Unidos y obtener un permiso de trabajo. La espera para dicho estatus es, en la actualidad, de aproximadamente poco mà ¡s de tres aà ±os y medio. Otro de los inconvenientes de la visa U es que mientras no se recomienda viajar fuera de Estados Unidos està ¡ pendiente la solicitud e incluso despuà ©s de aprobada pero antes de presentar los papeles del ajuste de estatus para la green card. Las razones son varias, destacando que el viaje fuera del paà ­s puede llevar a las autoridades estadounidenses a considerar que no se està ¡ colaborando para resolver el crimen o para condenar a los culpables y, por lo tanto, negar la visa U. Asimismo, viajar antes de solicitar el ajuste de estatus podrà ­a dar lugar a que se active el castigo de los tres y de los 10 aà ±os para todos los migrantes presentes en EE.UU. ilegalmente por mà ¡s de 180 dà ­as. Por à ºltimo, otro de los problemas de la visa U es su alto à ­ndice de negacià ³n, segà ºn los à ºltimos datos oficiales disponibles que corresponden al aà ±o fiscal 2017, solo son aprobadas el 28,7 por ciento de las solicitudes, frente al 79 por ciento del aà ±o 2009. Cuando la solicitud de la visa es rechazada no solo se cierra esa puerta legal sino que, ademà ¡s, se le està ¡ diciendo a las autoridades migratorias cuà ¡l es el estatus migratorio del solicitante y dà ³nde reside, lo cual puede llevar a su deportacià ³n. Por esta razà ³n muy importante contar con buena asesorà ­a legal ya que estas visas son complejas y si no se reà ºnen todos los requisitos pueden abrir la posibilidad de que la và ­ctima no pueda ser protegida y acabe siendo deportada. Si no se puede pagar a un abogado reputado miembro de AILA, es conveniente asesorarse con una excelente organizacià ³n de apoyo a inmigrantes con conocimiento y experiencia en este tipo de delitos y visa. Los mexicanos, y sà ³lo ellos, pueden marcar gratuitamente al telà ©fono del Centro de Informacià ³n y Asistencia a Mexicanos (CIAM) donde brindan informacià ³n migratoria y dan referencias a abogados reputados en todo Estados Unidos. Si se està ¡ detenido y se cree que se puede calificar para la visa U, se puede solicitar llamar al ICE al nà ºmero de telà ©fono 855-448-6903, aunque al igual que en el caso anterior serà ­a conveniente contar con un abogado. Finalmente, cabe destacar que se puede solicitar la visa U aunque ya se haya salido de Estados Unidos, bien voluntariamente, bien mediante una deportacià ³n. Sin importar donde se encuentre el migrante –en EE.UU. y en libertad, detenido por ICE o fuera del paà ­s– es recomendable informarse con un abogado no solo sobre la visa U sino tambià ©n sobre otras posibles opciones, como VAWA para và ­ctimas de violencia domà ©stica, la visa T para las và ­ctimas de trà ¡fico humano o Parole in Place (PIP, por sus siglas en inglà ©s), para familiares de militares. Puntos clave: la visa U para và ­ctimas de violencia La visa U permite a las và ­ctimas de crà ­menes cometidos en EE.UU. quedarse en el paà ­s y obtener un permiso de trabajo. A los tres aà ±os de su aprobacià ³n se puede solicitar una tarjeta de residencia permanente mediante un ajuste de estatus. Pueden solicitarla los migrantes indocumentados y tambià ©n los extranjeros que està ¡n legalmente en el paà ­s.Listado de crà ­menes para calificar para la visa U: secuestro, abuso o asalto sexual, violacià ³n, extorsià ³n, prostitucià ³n, violencia domà ©stica, retencià ³n ilegal, mutilacià ³n genital, fraude en contratacià ³n, trata de personas, tortura, manipulacià ³n de testigos, perjurio, incesto, homicidio, asesinato o crà ­menes similares. No es suficiente haber sido và ­ctima, es necesario poder demostrar que se colabora o ha colaborado con las autoridades para resolver el delito y/o condenar a los culpables.Beneficios: la visa U permite permanecer legalmente en EE.UU. y obtener un permiso de trabajo. Los familia res de la và ­ctima podrà ­an tener derecho a visas derivadas. Es un camino para la obtencià ³n de la tarjeta de residencia permanente y, si asà ­ se desea, posteriormente podrà ­a aplicarse por la ciudadanà ­a de Estados Unidos.Tiempo de demora: en la actualidad hay mà ¡s de 200.000 casos pendientes. Se estima que las solicitudes que se presenten ahora pueden demorarse mà ¡s de 11 aà ±os en resolverse. Sin embargo, puede obtenerse antes una accià ³n diferida que permite permanecer en el paà ­s y obtener un permiso de trabajo. Dicha accià ³n diferida està ¡ tardando unos 46 meses.Inconvenientes: alto à ­ndice de rechazo. En la actualidad solo se aprueban el 28,7 por ciento de las solicitudes. En el caso de no aprobacià ³n de la visa los migrantes indocumentados podrà ­an ser deportados. Este artà ­culo no es asesorà ­a legal para ningà ºn caso concreto. Tiene un valor meramente informativo.

Academic Integrity 14 - 1289 Words

Discuss the meaning and importance of ‘Academic Integrity’ in assignment completed by undergraduate students. Introduction On a research paper, how much information can you â€Å"borrow† with or without citing the original author? How do you cite the resources you â€Å"borrowed† or quoted from the original author? Will anyone know if you submit a friend’s research paper? No one can see you taking an online test from your living room – should that change how you take a test? Who is hurt by academic dishonesty? Who cares if you steal test answers, falsify experimental data, cheat on an exam, or download information from a web site and turn it in as your own work? To take an easy example, would you want to be operated on by a doctor who†¦show more content†¦What are the important of ‘Academic Integrity’ in assignment completed by undergraduate students? Integrity is â€Å"firm adherence to a code of especially moral or artistic values.† (Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary) Integrity is an important quality in all aspects of life. Academic integrity is an essential part of your educational success. Academic work in a university depends on the practice of Academic Integrity as a core value. It is not only affects the climate at the university but it can also affect every other area of life for both staff and student. The objective of university education is not only to further knowledge and academic excellence, but also to nurture human beings with high moral standards, who will be responsible citizens. The Fundamental values of Academic Integrity make clear, academic integrity is essential to the success of our mission as educations. It also provides a foundation for responsible conduct in our students’ lives after graduation. Academic integrity is of paramount importance at every educational institution. A research institution has an obligation to provide an atmosphere based on scrupulous adherence to the rules of honesty. This climate of impeccable integrity must encompass every aspect of academic activity. The university s role within the greater culture as provider of new knowledgeShow MoreRelatedExamine Industry Market Leaders588 Words   |  3 PagesCourse  Code:  MBA5102-8 Course  Start  Date:  12/14/2015 Section:  Globalization  and  Culture Week:  1 Activity:  Examine  Industry  Market  Leaders Activity  Due  Date:  12/20/2015 Activity  Description In  this  week’s  Books  and  Resources,  the  Bloomberg’s  Industry  Market  Leaders  website  lists  49  industries  along  with  a  presentation  of  the leading  firms  in  those  industries.  Ã‚  In  this  first  assignment,  you  are  tasked  to  write  a  paper  about  one  of  those  industries  that  you  believe  to  be one  of  the  most  global  in  natureRead MoreAcademic Integrity : Types Of Academic Dishonesty And Prevention Methods1743 Words   |  7 Pages Academic Integrity: Types of academic dishonesty and prevention methods Chetan Muppaneni Webster University Academic Integrity: Types of academic dishonesty and prevention methods Abstract This paper discusses the different types of academic dishonesty and the prevention measures that are taken to maintain academic integrity. The need of following the codes/rules of the institutions and to promote the academic integrity is mainly on the students and the faculty. The paper discussesRead MoreEssay on Turnitin: Hypocrisy of Its Own1277 Words   |  6 PagesOver the centuries, teachers and professors all have had a problem with academic dishonesty. The advancement in technology has made plagiarizing so much easier, and because of this, many professors have resorted to using software programs which detects any sort of plagiarism. One popular program many professors are enforcing their students to use is Turnitin.com. When a paper is submitted into Turnitin, the program compares it to previous submitted essays saved in its database and the content availableRead MoreSyllabus: Human and Tutorial Assignments1366 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Course Materials†.) Lecture schedule: Following is a planned list of topics to be covered in lecture; note that topics are subject to change and all topics listed may not be covered, but you are responsible for doing all of the readings. Date 7 May 14 May 21 May Lecture Topic Course Intro /What is Anthropology/Evolution Genetics/Processes of Evolution Non-Human Primates/Primate Behaviour 1 Assigned Reading Ch. 1 2 Ch. 3 5, p. 159-160 [sexual sel.] Ch. 6 7 28 May 4 June 11 June 18Read MoreApplying Personal Values to Education1215 Words   |  5 PagesUniversity of Phoenix, there is the expectation that each will be familiar with the universities policies set forth in the Program Handbook. The university clearly states that Students are expected to conduct themselves ethically, honestly, and with integrity. One of the most important principles for an educational environment is fostering an atmosphere that is conducive to learning. This involves demonstrating respect and tolerance for others by. In discussions with the faculty and other studentsRead MoreContinuing Academic Success Essay1502 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Continuing Academic Success Francheska Masoller GEN/201 Foundations for University Success July-28, 2014 Ann Zomerfeld Continuing Academic Success It is a big step for someone who has been out of school for so long, to have the courage to begin the journey of higher education. Personally, it took me several years of contemplating if going back to school was the right move for me. I postponed it until I realized this was the only way I could provide my family with the life I’veRead MoreDiscussion 5 6718 Words   |  3 Pagesthe page number on which the information appeared in parentheses. 3. The correct term for the list of sources in MLA format is A. Works Cited.. 4. Penn Foster s Academic Integrity policy can be viewed in B. Penn Foster s Undergraduate Catalog and Student Handbook. 5. In the following citation from EDSeek (also known as Expanded Academic ASAP), what is the publication title? The way we lie now: technology makes it easier than ever to play fast and loose with the truth—but easier than ever to getRead MoreCOLL100 QUIZ 21491 Words   |  6 Pagesn.d. (no date) in both the citation and reference.   D.bold the source. Question 3 of 20 0.5/ 0.5 Points Read this section of text from the APUS   Plagiarism Policy (2014,  http://www.apus.edu/student-handbook/academic-dishonesty/index.htm) :    The most frequently observed form of academic dishonesty is plagiarism. Plagiarism is the adoption or incorporation of another’s ideas without proper attribution of the source. It is more simply defined as taking the writings of another person or people andRead MoreResearch Articles On Attitudes And Attitudes Towards Plagiarism And Academic Misconduct955 Words   |  4 Pagesarticles on different perceptions and attitudes towards plagiarism and academic misconduct. Plagiarism is a major concern for both students and teachers and the consequences of plagiarising will differ depending on the degree of misconduct within an assessed piece of academic writing. Throughout this essay there will be a comparison of two journal articles supplied in the plagiarism reader. The first essay is ‘Exploring academic misconduct: Some insights into student behaviour’ written by Bob PerryRead MoreGreek Mythology1294 Words   |  6 Pages|Mohamed Khimji |mkhimji@yorku.ca (416) 736-2100 x 22581 | |4 |T 16:30-18:30 MC 214 |Ryan Wei | | |5 |R 14:30-16:30 ACW 008 |Mohamed Khimji | | |6 |F 8:30-10:30 VH 2018 |Ryan Wei |

Advantages and Disadvantages of Internet 5 Free Essays

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES OF INTERNET GOOD MORNING TO MY RESPECTED TEACHER AND MY FELLOW FRIENDS TODAY I M GONNA PRESENT A SPEECH ON ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF INTERNET BEFORE COMING TO THE POINT I WOULD LIKE TO SAY SOME FACTS ABOUT INTERNET WHAT IS INTERNET? ACCORDING TO THE DEFINATION PROVIDED BY OXFORD DICTIONARY, THE INTERNET IS AN ARRANGEMENT OF CONNECTED COMPUTERS,WHICH LETS THE COMPUTER USERS ALL OVER THE GLOBE EXCHANGE DATA. AT THE PRESENT TIME, APPROXIMATELY 33% OF THE WORLD POPULATION HAS ACCESSIBILITY TO THE INTERNET. THE INTERNET IS AN EXTAORDINARY ENTERTAINMENT AND LEARNING TOOL THAT MAY BE UTILIZED IN A NUMBER OF MODES TO INCREASE THE ABILITY OF A USER TO COLLECT INFORMATION. We will write a custom essay sample on Advantages and Disadvantages of Internet 5 or any similar topic only for you Order Now THE PRINCIPLE COMPONENTS OF THE INTERNET ARE THE WORLD WIDE WEB(WWW) AND E-MAIL INTERNET WAS CREATED IN THE UNITED STATES BY THE †UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF DEFENCE ADVANCED RESEARCH PROJECTS AGENCY†(known as DARPA). IT WAS FIRST CONNECTED IN OCTOBER,1969. THE WORLD WIDE WEB WAAS CREATED IN SWITZERLAND IN 1989 BY A BRITISH MAN NAMED TIM BERNEERS-LEE. THE ALTERNATIVE NAME â€Å"NET† CAME FROM â€Å"INTERNET† The advantages of Internet Following are the advantages provided by the Internet: ) Information The biggest benefit offered by the Internet is information. It functions as a valuable resource of information. You can find any type of information on any subject with the help of the search engines like Yahoo and Google. 2) Communication The primary goal of the Internet is communication. It has done extremely well in this field, however the development process is still going on to make it more dependable and quick. By sending an e-mail, we can contact a per son who is physically present thousand miles away within the fraction of a second’s time. 3) Entertainment Internet functions as a popular medium of entertainment. A wide variety of entertainment including video games, music, movies, chat room, news and others can be accessed through the Internet. 4) E-commerce E-commerce is the idea that is implemented for any form of commercial strategy or business transactions that entails transmission of data from one corner of the world to another. E-commerce has become a fantastic option through which you can shop anything. 6) Services A variety of services are offered via Internet, for example job searching, online banking, buying movie tickets, hotel reservations and consultation services etc. When you avail these services offline, they become more expensive. The disadvantages of Internet Following are the disadvantages of Internet: 1) Spamming: Spamming denotes distribution of unsolicited e-mails in large numbers. They are meaningless and they unnecessarily block the whole system. These activities are treated as illegal. 2) Theft of personal details While using the Internet, there is high probability that your personal details like name, address and credit card number may be accessed by con artists and used for fraudulent purposes. ) Pornography: Pornography is definitely harmful for your children. There are numerous pornographic sites available over the Internet and watching any of those can have very bad influence on the mental health of your children. 4) Virus threat Virus is a program that interrupts the usual operation of your personal computer system. PCs linked to the Internet have high probability of virus attacks and as a result of this your hard disk can crash, giving you a lot of trouble. How to cite Advantages and Disadvantages of Internet 5, Papers

Professional Media Workshop

Question: Identify research based evaluation methods to justify budget and strategy. Answer: Monitoring and Evaluation Planning of those activities that were monitored Research-Based Evaluation Method to Justify the Budget and Strategy The process of the monitoring could be done through the quantitative analysis of evaluation. The particular form of evaluation would be cost effective since the number of people, who would require, in case of a qualitative analysis, is less. Therefore, in case of qualitative analysis, the budget that is there for the research will not be sufficient and thus it could cause problem at the same time. Therefore, conducting evaluation with the help of questionnaire is more appropriate, than that analysis, which required recruitment of the participants. The doctors and the nurses of various hospitals could be the main participants for the analysis, who will help in the evaluation (Creswell 2013). The people who are dealing with the legal cases related to Euthanasia, would also be selected for the purpose of evaluation in a quantitative way. Measuring Out Comes and Key Measuring Areas In case of a quantitative analysis, things are based mostly on the numerical and the data that are being collected. Therefore, in case of a quantitative evaluation or analysis the statistical analysis is the more appropriate way of analyzing or measuring the outcome. The data collected, forms the part of the measuring in case of a quantitative research. Cost of Evaluation The cost of evaluation would not be more since a quantitative analysis need few questionnaires and some computer-based tools. In case, there is a requirement of providing photo type it could increase the cost of evaluation at the same time. Key Performance Indicators There are two kinds of variables in case of a quantitative analysis and these are the continuous and discrete analysis. The concrete analysis, include the integers and decimals, and even the measurement such as dollars and kilograms and the discrete variables, which include, accidents, complaints and things like that. Therefore, these are the Key performance indicator in this particular case (Barr 2016).. References Barr, S. (2016).Quantitative Versus Qualitative KPIs | Stacey Barr. [online] Staceybarr.com. Creswell, J.W., 2013.Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications.

Freya Ollerearnshaw Essay Example

Freya Ollerearnshaw Essay Oppositions and Contrasts are Strikingly Common in Romeo and Juliet. Illustrate and Comment upon this Point of View in Relation to the Language, Characterisation and Action of the Play. Even in the prologue, it is apparent that Romeo and Juliet is a play of clashes and oppositions. The families of the lovers from ancient grudge break to new mutiny and the action begins with a violent conflict between the two households. We see the two doomed lovers, Romeo and Juliet, battle against their opposing families to be together. The many examples of opposition seen throughout Romeo and Juliet are constant reminders of the conflict keeping the lovers apart. These are seen in the action of the play, the views and beliefs of the characters as well as in the language itself. I am going to explore these oppositions, explain their relevance in the play and how they influence key events. We will write a custom essay sample on Freya Ollerearnshaw specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Freya Ollerearnshaw specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Freya Ollerearnshaw specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Throughout Romeo and Juliet there is an echo of the plays oppositions in the language of the characters, especially that of Romeo and Juliet, who frequently use oxymorons to describe their feelings. An oxymoron is the use of two contradictory words, used together in the same sentence, describing something to create a dramatic effect on the reader. In the case of Romeo and Juliet, oxymorons are used to intensify the emotions expressed by the two lovers. Romeo tries to describe his love for Rosaline in this way, as O brawling love, O loving hate, O anything of nothing first create, O heavy lightness, serious vanity. This love I feel, that feel no love in this. His use of oxymorons in this context shows his confusion about how he feels and how he is being torn apart when such violent affections are not being returned. Juliet also adopts this language when she finds out that Romeo has killed her cousin, raging, Did ever dragon keep so fair a cave? Beautiful tyrant, fiend angelical! Dove-feathered raven, wolfish ravening lamb! Despised substance of divinest show. In this way, Juliet is expressing her feelings of betrayal, that she never believed that Romeo could commit such an atrocity. She describes him as being seemingly beautiful and good but disguising an evil, vile person within. Juliet at this point is also in a fierce state of emotion and confusion and the oxymorons reflect this, as in Romeos speech about Rosaline. The oxymorons used in the text are an appropriate reminder of the ever-present clash of oppositions seen throughout the play. The oppositions of love and hate are strikingly vivid in the play and can be described as the most prominent in the eyes of the audience because references to these two subjects are so frequent. The story occurs in the middle of a terrible feud between two families of Verona- the house of Montague and the house of Capulet. As the audience, we are constantly reminded of the bitterness felt by the older generation and the blinding hatred and prejudice seen in Veronas youths. Examples of this are seen throughout Romeo and Juliet. When the prince breaks up a fight that has occurred between the two opposing groups he describes them as enemies to the peace and orders them to stop their pernicious rage for one another. The anger is also referred to in the prologue where it says, where civil blood makes civil hands unclean. The word civil in this statement is repeated to enforce its significance. It could be interpreted as one of three meanings. It could be referring to civil wars fought between fellow countrymen as well as the usually good and civilised people of Verona. It might also be stressing the fact that the people involved are civilians-not soldiers. Therefore this quote is telling us that the feud has provoked normally just and reasonable people to fight amongst each other, changing them into tyrants. From the depths of this intense hatred, Romeo and Juliet have fallen in love despite their feuding families. Their love for one another is so intense that it equals the hatred of their relations. Upon their first meeting they fall in love, as Romeo first glimpses Juliet at the feast he says did my heart love till now? Forswear it sight! For I neer saw true beauty till this night. When they discover that they are from opposing backgrounds, the lovers reaction is one of desperation and yet determination to be together. Romeo, upon realising the situation says my life is my foes debt, expressing the thought that his life will be devoted to his enemy because he has fallen in love with one of them. Juliets reaction is similar; my only love sprung from my only hate. Her use of opposing words in this statement love and hate reinforce in the audiences minds the strength of this opposition in the play. There is a repetition of this when Juliet later says, I must love a loathed enemy. Here the words love and loathed remind the audience once again that the oppositions of love and hate play an important role in Romeo and Juliet, shaping the future of the characters. Most of the hatred seen in the play is associated with the clash between the house of Montague and the house of Capulet. These two families are in strong opposition to each other right up until the closing scene of the play. The heads of the two families are similar to one another in their morals and beliefs- there is no one-family that is more right or good than the other. The prologue too, points this out by saying, two households, both alike in dignity. This fact however, does not prevent the two families from despising one another. There seems to be a rigid code of conduct between the family members that causes them to react to one another so violently. When Romeo arrives at the Capulet party, Tybalt recognises him and says he has insulted the honour of my kin. He then says, this is a Montague, our foe: a villain. The fact that Tybalt knows little about Romeo but has jumped straight to the conclusion that he is a villain and up to no good, souly because he is a Montague shows the total prejudice felt between the two families. This prejudice is also seen in several scenes of the play when a group of one house will be particularly difficult and provocative toward members of the other family in a deliberate attempt to cause a violent outbreak. An example of the behaviour comes as early as the first scene where two Capulet servants, Gregory and Sampson are in a public place. As they see a pair of Montagues approach, they devise a plan of action to provoke a quarrel. Gregory says I will frown as I pass by, but Sampson wishes to take it further and replies, Nay I will bit my thumb at them, which is disgrace to them as they bear it. The biting of ones thumb in Shakespearean times was seen as a highly offensive gesture. This scene reflects the typical attitudes felt by the Capulets towards the Montagues and is a demonstration of the oppositions of the two households. This fact is introduced to the audience very early on in the Romeo and Juliet and is instilled upon them throughout the play. The play also illustrates, quite subtly, the division within the households of young and old. This division is seen through the attitudes and behaviour of the characters. Both old Montague and Capulet, although they hate each other, have mellowed with age and are reluctant to cause unnecessary uproar. However, there are instances where this general rule is broken and the older generation intervenes. This is seen in Act 1 when Capulet and Montague arrive in the middle of a brawl. Montague cries, give me my long sword to his wife as he prepares to fight his enemy. Despite this, when the fight is broken up, he is interested to know who started the fight, saying who set this ancient quarrel new abroach? The tone of this statement suggests Montague does not approve of the person responsible for starting the brawl. The reluctance for the older generation to cause trouble is also brought to our attention in Act 1 scene 5 at Capulets party. When Tybalt discovers that Romeo has attended, he complains to Capulet who replies, Content thee gentle coz, let him alone, A bears him like a portly gentleman; and to say truth, Verona brags of him to be a virtuous and well-governed youth. Here, Capulet has shown that he no longer posseses the blinding hatred for Montagues of his younger relatives. He has heard Romeo to be a pleasant and good person and therefore is unwilling to make a scene by forcefully removing him from his house. The attitudes of the youths of Verona are best illustrated in Act 2 scene 1 when Mercutio refuses to move else where to escape a brawl in the likely event that the Capulets will appear. When they do, Tybalt says to the Montague group good den, a word with one of you. To this polite request, Mercutio replies with a provocative remark; And but one word with one of us? Couple it with something, make it a word and a blow. Mercutio, in referring to the blow of a sword, is challenging Tybalt to a fight without appropriate reason. Another factor which sets the two generations apart is the speed at which they live their lifes. Romeo reflects the typical youthful view that all action must be taken immediately and one must live for the moment. He demonstrates this with his intense love for Rosaline which is totally turned around upon his meeting of Juliet. Within a night of knowing her, Romeo is requesting that Friar Lawrence marry them. The Friars reaction shows us how the older generation views life at a much slower and steadier pace, being careful not to make wrong decsisions. Friar Lawrence is surprised at Romeos sudden change of heart, saying What a change is here! Is Rosaline, that thou didst love so dear, so soon forsaken? Romeo begs him that sudden haste is the only way to go about such proceedings and the Friar agrees to marry the lovers, but warns Romeo Wisely and slow, they stumble that run fast! By this Friar Lawrence means that decisions of such a permanent nature as marriage should not be entered into at such a rapid rate. He warns Romeo that his impulsive behaviour could cause things to go wrong. Romeo, however, being a giddy youth, has no time for careful and slow actions. His intense and sudden love for Juliet reflects the rapid speed at which he sees it necisary to live his life. Throughout the play, there is a great feeling of togetherness versus separation between Romeo and Juliet. These two conditions are exaggerated by the opposing atmospheres and attitudes they create within the lovers. When Romeo and Juliet are together, as in the balcony scene and the bedroom scene, they are full of positive emotions and this is reflected in their speech. For instance, When Juliet says to Romeo, Sweet, goodnight. This bud of love, by summers ripening breath, may prove a beauteous flower when next we meet, she is comparing their love to a budding flower that will blossom as they get to know each other. She sees that even though she is totally happy, there are better moments still to come. When the two are together they are full of joyful emotions and despite the many oppositions, believe they can be happy. They view all their problems as simple feats that can all be overcome if the lovers remain together. Juliet also says that she will deny thy father and refuse thy name and no longer be a Capulet so she can be with Romeo. To stand up to ones father is a daunting task and it is very difficult to detach oneself from their family but Juliet sees this as a simple feat. These emotions are completely reversed when Romeo and Juliet are forced to be apart from one another. Without hopeful prospect of their next encounter, both Romeo and Juliet transform into desperate characters. When Romeo discovers he is banished, he threatens to kill himself rather than face a life without Juliet, Sayest thou yet that exile is not death? Hast thou no poison mixed, no sharp ground knife, no sudden mean of death? All of the words Romeo uses have a morbid componant to them: poisonknifedeath , this is in contrast to all the words associated with life used when the lovers are together- the bud turning into a flower. This explain the view of both Romeo and Juliet, that their lives revolve around each other and that death would be a better option than separation. This is demonstrated at the end of Romeo and Juliet, when upon discovering Romeos dead body, Juliet describes the knife she finds beside her as a happy dagger. She sees killing herself as the only way in which she can be re-united with Romeo and therefor is not afraid or hesitant of death and looks upon it positively, using the word happy. A factor which is made apparent in the speech of Romeo and Juliet, especially when they are together is their perception of reality and their tendency to daydream rather than facing the truth. This demonstrates the opposition in Romeo and Juliet of dream and reality. An example of this is when Juliet says that she will deny her father and refuse her name, when in reality she has not the courage to stand up to her overpowering father. Romeo also says to Juliet In Act 2 scene 2 that he fears that he will discover it all to be a dream, I am afeard, being in night, all this is but a dream, too flattering-sweet to be substantial. Romeo and Juliet continue to ignore the reality of their familys feud because it would mean admitting to the impossibility of them being together. There is a great feeling throughout Romeo and Juliet that fate plays a vital and influential role in the future of the lovers. It almost seems as if Romeo and Juliet are destined to die and their fate has already been predetermined. In the prologue, Romeo and Juliet are described as star-crossed lovers and when Romeo finds out Juliet is dead in her tomb, he says he will lie to rest with her and shake the yolk of inauspicious stars. By this he is saying that he will withstand what fate has in store for him and be with Juliet despite everything. A repeat of this comes when Romeo says then I defy you stars. Romeo sees the injustice that he is doomed to be without his love and therefor is unwilling to comply with fate and defies the stars by taking his own life also so he can be with Juliet in death. However, it is not only fate that determines consequences, but the actions of people. Romeo kills Tybalt in a wild fury, that he could have controlled, yet he blames his actions yet again on the stars, saying I am fortunes fool. Romeo believes that the power of fate has tricked him and caused him to ruin his chances of happiness with Juliet, when in fact the fault lay in his uncontrollable anger. Past, present and future are perhaps the lass obvious of the oppositions in the play but have a strong influence on events and their consequences. The past is seen in Romeo and Juliet through the ancient grudge, which drives so many good people to desperate actions. It causes the death of Tybalt and Mercutio as well as the banishment and eventual death of Romeo. The quarrel is never referred to in detail, suggesting that the exact reasons for the fall out have been forgotten, leaving the households still bitterly divided for no apparent reason except for cold tradition- it is what the people of Verona are used to. Many characters in the play have their minds firmly set in the past and refuse to accept any agreement between the two families. Two characters that demonstrate this view most openly are Tybalt and Mercutio- both of who die because of it. Very few people in the play stop to consider the future and consequences of their actions before putting them into practice. Friar Lawrence is one of the exceptions. He reluctantly agrees to marry the lovers, though he has hidden motives for doing so: for this alliance may so happy prove to turn your households rancour to pure love. Friar Lawrence thought that by joining Romeo and Juliet in marriage, it would help to unite the households of Capulet and Montague, burying their quarrelsome past. However, the people of Verona are not as open-minded as Friar Lawrence and Romeo and Juliet keep their alliance a secret from their families in fear of the consequences so Capulet and Montague do not discover the truth until it is too late and the lovers are dead. There are other characters, however, who do not take into account the past, like Romeo who refuses to acknowledge the seriousness of the dispute and continues with Juliet, pretending everything will turn out fine. Romeo acts impulsively, not learning from his past actions or considering the future he is creating for himself by acting in the way he does. Like a typical youth his life revolves around the present and the immediate future. He cannot think far ahead and therefore fails to plan carefully or act rationally. Romeo and Juliet die because of their failure and the failure of those around them to look at the consequences of their actions and learn from the mistakes of the past to try and make a better future. In this sense the conflict and oppositions of Past present and future are the most important in the outcome of Romeo and Juliet.